Local Network Load - This is a problem again you may have some control over.Other than that, you are at the mercy of your Internet Service Provider (ISP). One of the only ways you can control jitter is by using a wired connection for internet, between your PC and router. Note, this will change (you will get different results every time you run it), but the goal is to have jitter that is less than 8ms or so. You can check your network jitter using online tests such as. There are many things that can cause this, though most are out of your hands. Network jitter causes instability, where the network lag constantly changes. Your eye can easily adjust to it after a minute or so. Input lag is usually consistent, in other words, stable. You can have 1GBit download and upload speeds, but what matters most is jitter, or stability. Jitter - Your internet speed is not important when it comes to gaming.Wifi adds lag, and since it isn't consistent lag, it makes it even worse. You can have the fastest internet and Wifi router in the world, but it will not make a difference. Walls, interference from microwaves (microwaves use the same frequency as most Wifi routers), interference from wireless landline phones (same frequency), distance from PC to router, devices on Wifi, etc. Wifi - A wireless signal from a PC to a router can be affected by many things.Latency increases with distance (the further the signal has to travel, the more latency there most likely will be), but there are many other factors that can cause latency: This comes into effect during Netplay, when 2 PCs are sending inputs back and forth. Network latency is the amount of time it takes for communication between 2 PCs. For example, the wired retro-bit controllers come in around 10ms, where as a wired 8bitdo M30 2.4g has about 3-4ms. A lot of people have done tests of controllers. If you are curious as to the input lag of your controller (the first part of above), you can look it up on the internet. Depending on the time you leave your house (press a button), will depend on what bus (frame) you make. It takes 10ms for you to get to the bus stop from your house (your latency). A bus comes by every 16.7ms to pick people up. The best way to think of the above is this way: Imagine you need to get on the bus. Your input has to wait for the next frame to show up. So, if you press the button mid-frame (8ms), and your input latency adds up to 10ms, the total is 18ms (10ms latency, 8ms to press the button), and you will miss the frame. The problem is this: It only checks every 16.7ms. So if you press the button, if it gets to the emulator in time, it will display it. Regardless of all the latency added above, the emulator still checks for input every 16.7ms. HDTVs especially, since there is some upscaling of the video involved in order to display it (this can add a few frames). Display - Depending on your monitor or TV, there could be a delay added.It can receive the input from the PC, but it may take a frame or 2 before it updates the video to show the input. Emulator - Depending on how well the emulator is coded, some of them can contribute to input lag.So, when you press the button, the controller polls the buttons to see what was pressed, and then the PC polls the controller to get the input. On top of that, the PC will poll the controller, which also contributes to input lag (though this is usually 1-2 ms). Some poll quicker than others (2-4 ms), some take longer than others (11-16ms). Controller - Your USB/Bluetooth/wireless controller polls the button inputs every couple of ms.How soon you see a reaction to your input is called the input latency. If the input arrives before that time, it will update the video on the screen. The emulator checks for controller input during a specific time during a frame. A lot of things happen within those 16.7ms, one of which is preparing for the next video frame. This may seem like very little time, but in regards to computer processing, this is a ton of time. So, the fastest an emulator can show a change on the screen is 16.7ms. The video on the screen refreshes every 16.7ms (1 second / 60 frames = 16.7ms). Most emulators use an ~60Hz refresh rate (similar to the consoles they emulate), which means it displays 60 video frames per second. Latency is usually displayed in ms (milliseconds).Īn emulator displays video by frames. In our case, the amount of time it takes to for one player's button press to show up on the other player's screen. Network Latency - The delay in communication from one computer to another. Input Latency - The delay from pressing a button, to the display of that button action on the screen. There are 2 major forms of latency (or lag, whichever you'd like to call it):
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